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2	Advantages of Space Different phenomena produce different wavelength light Ordinary stars: Mostly Visible light Cool planets or dust clouds: Infrared light Moving charged particles, cool molecules: Radio/millimeter waves Very hot objects: X-Rays and Gamma Rays Quasars: ALL wavelengths
3	Disadvantages of the Ground
4	Advantages of Space Also, there is no atmospheric turbulence, and telescopes can be pointed very accurately and precisely. This provides good, stable images.
5	Space-Based Astronomy NASA’s suite of “Great Observatories” The Hubble Space Telescope The Spitzer Space Telescope The Chandra X-ray Observatory (“Deceased”: The Compton Gamma Ray Observatory) Other missions: XMM-Newton (w/ESA), FUSE, Galex, WMAP, many others Future: James Webb Space Telescope, Astro-E2, SNAP, TPF, GLAST, Swift, LISA, Constellation-X Technical phrase is “Lots and lots and lots.”
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7	Hubble Vital Statistics HST is in Low Earth Orbit (~600 km) Primary is 2.4 meters Launched in 1990 “Regularly serviced” Cost ~$2+ billion Suite of changing instruments
8	The Hubble Deep Field
9	Hubble’s Uncertain Future Jan. 2004, NASA Director Sean O’Keefe announced it was too dangerous to service HST with a shuttle mission (no aborts). Without regular service, HST will fail Gyroscopes & Orbital Decay Service also provides upgrades Computers! Solar panels, etc. Instruments! STIS just failed. Waiting on the “Next Generation” Space Telescope (NGST) renamed the James Webb Telescope (more later)
10	Chandra X-ray Observatory
11	The Highest Tech Mirrors Ever! Chandra is the first X-ray telescope to have image as sharp as optical telescopes.
12	A “Type 2” Hidden Quasar Left: Chandra, X-rays. Right: optically normal galaxy. X-rays can penetrate obscuring gas/dust.
13	Tycho’s Supernova Remnant
14	A Multiwavelength Look at Cygnus A A merger-product, and powerful radio galaxy.
15	Crab Nebula Movie
16	Combining HST and Chandra: The Crab Pulsar Wind Chandra on the left, Hubble on the right.
17	Another HST, Chandra Combo Galactic Winds get “Supersized” in NGC 3079 Nuclear starbursts and their resulting supernovas blow hot gas out from the core
18	XMM-Newton ESA lead X-ray mission. Resolution, is good, but not Chandra Good Sensitivity and field of view are better. Great for surveys and observations of, e.g., Galaxy Clusters
19	The Power of the Infrared
20	Spitzer Space Telescope Heir to 1980s IRAS mission. Mid to far IR. Only 60 cm, Earth-trailing orbit, 5 year lifetime. Imaging and mid-R spectroscopy. DUST is important!
21	Spitzer Space Telescope Dust, in the optical, HIDES light. Dust in the mid/far infrared RADIATES light. Star-forming regions look different, inverted in the infrared!
22	Spitzer Space Telescope Discovered by a Wyoming grad student and professor. The “Cowboy Cluster” – an overlooked Globular Cluster.
23	Kepler’s Supernova with all three of NASA’s Great Observatories Just 400 years ago: (Oct. 9, 1604) Then a bright, naked eye object (no telescopes) It’s still blowing up – now 14 light years wide and expanding at 4 million mph. There’s material there at MANY temperatures, so many wavelengths are needed to understand it.
24	FUSE
25	FUSE
26	Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
27	Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
28	The Swift Gamma-Ray Burst Mission (Scheduled launch: November 8, 2004) Gamma-Ray/X-ray Burst localizer Will provide good, fast spatial coordinates for afterglow studies Enigmatic sources, GRBs, and will help us figure out what they are (some are supernovas, but not all).
29	Terrestrial Planet Finder
30	James Webb Space Telescope More than twice the diameter of Hubble. Optimized for the red and infrared. Designed to study first stars, high-z universe.
31	Multi-wavelength Astronomy
32	A Shameless Plug to Display during Q&A…