•Luminosities, surface
 brightness, central velocity distribution, (and others),
 are correlated, hence the term “fundamental plane.”  Ellipticals populate a plane in parameter
 space.  BIG area of research
 – very useful tool and helps us understand
 galaxies.
 •Faber & Jackson
 (1976) is a classic in this area (you might want to look up
 and read this one):
 •L ~ σx where x
 ≈4
 •So, get dispersion from spectrum, get luminosity, and with
 magnitude get distance!