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Luminosity Density
•So what are observed mass-to-light ratios?
–Much lower than critical, and now MAP seems to be confirming baryons 4% of critical, consistent with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (yes, we will get to this stuff!).  Dark matter helps, but only up to about 30%.
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•Handy numbers
–Mean galaxy luminosity is 1.25 L* = 1.55x1010 h-2 Lsun
–Typical number density of 0.01 h-3 Mpc-3 indicates a typical galaxy separation of 5 h-1 Mpc, but of course on those scales galaxies do cluster (Ch. 2)