•So what are observed mass-to-light
 ratios?
 –Much
 lower than critical, and now MAP seems to be confirming baryons 4% of critical,
 consistent with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (yes, we will get to this
 stuff!).  Dark matter helps, but only up to
 about 30%.
 –
 •Handy numbers
 –Mean galaxy luminosity is 1.25 L* =
 1.55x1010 h-2 Lsun
 –Typical
 number density of 0.01 h-3 Mpc-3 indicates a typical galaxy separation of 5 h-1 Mpc, but of
 course on those scales galaxies do cluster (Ch. 2)