Models for which Λ is not 0
• For those interested, there is an interpretation of
scalar Higgs fields under quantum field theory (see
Zeldovich 1986).
• Zero point vacuum fluctations associated with zero
point energies of quantum fields results in a
negative energy equation of state (having “tension”
rather than “pressure”).  Quantum field theory can
then make predictions about the value of a
cosmological constant – and is off by some 120
orders of magnitude!  Works for inflationary
period, but not now.