Jeans Mass and the
Growth of Perturbations
•The universe is NOT static, however.  We’re interested in the problem in an expanding universe.  But the characteristic timescale for expansion is related to the Hubble time (chap. 13):
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•This time is comparable to the time of exponential growth when gravity dominates, and modifies the above result.  Note, not the Hubble constant here – H varies with time.
•Combes et al. introduces the scale factor R(t), also a(t) in other textbooks.  So for an expanding universe, use the coordinates    r = R(t) x, and v = dR(t)/dt x + R(t) u so the expansion can be included.  So now rewrite the hydrodynamic equations.
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