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X-ray Masses for Clusters
•Fabricant, Lecar, and Gorenstein:
–Bremsstrahlung spectrum is roughly flat up to X-ray energies, above which it cuts off exponentially.  Cut-off is related to temperature.  E = hν ~ kBT.  The measurement is a projection onto 2D space.  Integrating emissivity and converting to intensity (surface brightness at the projected radius a):
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