–Need a supply of gas to feed to the black hole
 –(Black holes from 1 million to >1
 billion solar masses!
 –Scales as a few percent of galaxy bulge
 mass.)
 –
 
 •Collisions disturb regular orbits of
 stars and gas clouds
 –Could feed more gas to the central
 region
 –
 •Galactic orbits were less organized as
 galaxies were forming, also recall the “hierarchical” galaxy
 formation
 –Expect more gas to flow to central region
 when galaxies are young => Quasars
 (“quasar epoch” around z=2 to z=3)
 –
 •Most galaxies may have massive black holes
 in them
 •They are just less active now because gas
 supply is less