•Many
 galaxies have extremely 
  bright
 “unresolved” star-like nuclei
 –Very
 large energy generation
 –Brightness
 often varies quickly
 •Implies
 small size (changes not smeared out by light-travel time)
 –High
 velocities often seen (> 10,000 km/s in lines)
 –Emission
 all over the electro-magnetic spectrum
 •
 •Jets
 seen emerging from galaxies
  
 •More common in colliding galaxies
 •More common at large distances
 (redshift): Quasars!
 –So more common in distant past  (look-back time)