* title: a bit too vague (what kind of diagnostics ?) --I've added "spectral" to the title. * abstract: "It is difficult to distinguish between pure Seyfert and pure LINER sources." Is this caused by a predominance of accretion activity in the LINERs of the sample ? Some well-studied LINERs have been found to actually be starbursts; would these occupy a location closer to that of HII galaxies ? For the LINERs included in the sample, do we have independent evidence to help us distinguish between stellar and non-stellar activity ? --To my knowledge we do not have such independent evidence. "Compared to starbursts, extranuclear regions separate even further [...]" How do we interpret that ? Should we say something about the fact that extranuclear regions are cleaner representatives of HII regions than starburst nuclei, because their stellar populations and ISM structure are less complex ? This was also the case with near-IR line diagnostics (in your PIFS paper) indicating younger ages for extranuclear regions, because they trace a single burst, as opposed to the average of multiple star formation episodes for nuclei. --I've added words to this effect to the Summary. * 2.2: - A factor of 1000 is missing in the given ionizing star temperatures. - Rather than saying "100-fold range in radiation field intensity", can you give the actual range limits, since you quantify the other listed parameters ? - Where does the H2/HI mass ratio come from ? This quantity is hard to obtain and deserves a small description. - Similarly, we should give references for the derivation of all the quantities. --I'm using the numbers from Kennicutt et al. (2003), Section 3.2. I have added the actual ISRF numbers and the factor of 1000 in T_eff. I have added that the H2/HI numbers are CO-based, but we can ask Rob for more details if necessary. * 3.1: "High-resolution spectroscopy was obtained in SH, LH and SL". SL was of course not used for high-resolution spectroscopy but to measure PAH EWs. --This has been corrected. The nuclei with enlarged SH maps should be marked clearly in the table. --I prefer not to mark these since are are not utilizing the enlarged maps in this work -- I'm using a consistent 23"x15" aperture for all sources. * 3.2: A data table should be given for the archival data as well, with references. --A table has been added including source name, source type, and reference. The table will be published as an electronic table, meaning it will appear in its abbreviated form in the print journal (and fully in the electronic version). * 3.3: "Spitzer high-resolution observations do not always detect the underlying hot dust continuum." This is incorrect. The continuum is detected. The problem is that its true brightness cannot be recovered because, owing to the way in which the "dark current" is removed, the background/foreground brightness is not recoverable without dedicated observations in the same module, which are not obtained by SINGS. --Your point is taken. However, there are still some faint star-forming sources for which the continuum is not detected but lines persist (e.g. NGC 3031 Munch 1). But I have rephrased the wording, and emphasized that we do not have sky observations for subtracting the sky continuum. * 4.1 and 4.2: These paragraphs do not actually describe results, and would be better placed within a new section entitled "Measured quantities" for instance. The measurements are listed in Tables 1 and 2, not only 2. --Corrected. * 4.3: There is confusion between the Seyfert, LINER and AGN classifications. In my mind, AGN is generally synonymous of Seyfert. The text seems to adopt a larger definition, or to take for granted that all LINERs have hidden Seyfert activity, which may not be the case. --The text has been cleared up, saying "LINER or Seyfert" instead of "AGN". Since the infrared line ratios are measured in 23" x 15", it would maybe be instructive to do the infrared-optical comparison in a fairer way, using for the optical the 20" x 20" extractions. How does the diagram in Figure 2 evolve going to this larger aperture ? I expect to see more transition objects which you say are lacking using the 2.5" x 2.5" aperture. --I have put in the figure using 20"x20" extractions. There are indeed more transition objects. "We turn to the mid-IR where we will perhaps more convincingly determine whether optical classifications are appropriate." This does not sound like a sensible expectation, for the reasons you give explicitely: 1) the optical ratios are measured in smaller apertures, hence should be able to produce cleaner separations between the different nuclear types ; 2) the extinction in the optical is modest, whereas you said extinction effects are the main motivation to go from optical to IR diagnostics ; 3) the separation between nuclei in Figure 2 is already as convincing as one could wish. --Now that we are using the 20"x20" extractions, the additional transitional objects make this discussion more compelling. * 4.4.1: "PAH features are quite prominent throughout much of the ISM save for regions characterized by exceptionally hard radiation fields." To be more exact, it should be said here that if observations are obtained at spatial resolution high enough to separate HII regions from PDRs, it is seen that PAHs are absent from the HII regions themselves but prominent in the surrounding PDRs just outside. Yet, HII regions are not characterized by exceptionally hard radiation fields. --This is a sensible suggestion. The text now indicates that PAHs are low for the cores of HII regions. It should maybe be pointed out that only the top-left and bottom-right extremes of Figure 3 allow a clean separation between Seyfert-classified and HII-classified regions, i.e. that the zone where types are mixed together is quite large. - How does this zone compare with what one would obtain in the optical with an equivalent aperture ? - The shift of Seyfert nuclei toward the location of HII nuclei is easy to understand in terms of larger aperture. But the shift of HII nuclei toward the location of Seyfert nuclei cannot be caused by any such effect. Could part of the mixing be due to: (1) a fraction of the objects having [OIV] powered by WR stars ? For instance, there is one HII nucleus (with [OIV] detection) having a very high [OIV]/[NeII] ratio. What is this object ? (2) varying volume filling factors of HII regions and PDRs (i.e. extreme starbursts with higher HII/PDR ratios than usual would shift towards the left, as would low-metallicity regions) ? --Additional discussion along these lines has been added. The HII source with a high line ratio is NGC 1705 (a known starburst or post-starburst galaxy). Was the photospheric continuum removed before deriving the PAH EWs ? Nothing is said about this, but this is important. --The stellar continuum was not removed since this is not possible for the archival data that are also included in the Figure. I find the points with upper limits confusing and hard to mentally excise from the diagrams. Is it possible to show the same diagrams without the non-detections, for clarity ? --I've substantially revised the portrayal of the data in the Figures. To make things easier to read, I've removed the error bars from the literature points, and I've only shown the statistical uncertainties for SINGS data. Looking closely at the [SiII]/[NeII] graph of Figure 3, I am not really convinced of the existence of a real trend in this ratio with activity type. There are many HII nuclei with similar [SiII]/[NeII] ratios as Seyferts. The only clean separation I see is between the Galactic HII regions and the rest, and this can easily be explained by a lower PDR contribution in these resolved objects. The origin of [SiII] may change going from HII nuclei to Seyfert nuclei, but I do not agree that this can be exploited practically, because the [SiII]/[NeII] ratio does not vary in a systematic way, as long as the beam covers a large physical area. Have you tried different [SiII]/X ratios, where X is another line ? Which one would provide the most useful behavior ? --I have tried a variety of ratios and SiII/NeII provides one of the cleanest separations. The typical SINGS HII ratio is 0.8 while it is 1.2 for Seyferts, a 50% difference. "An argument based on interstellar density provides another possibility for the low [SiII]/[NeII] ratio in AGN." also in following sentences in the same paragraph low -> high --This has been corrected. What is the physical motivation for adopting the limiting values that you give for the mixing curves ? Can they be compared with what is observed in some prototypical objects with "pure" Seyfert emission and "pure" HII emission ? To what kind of conditions do they correspond in models ? --The motivations for the mixing curve anchors were purely empirical. I originally used SINGS objects as the anchors, but the SINGS sample simply doesn't fill enough parameter space to provide useful anchors. Leitherer and Kewley et al. are working on a paper that compares models to SINGS line data. They would prefer to keep the model analysis in their paper. * 4.4.3: I don't think that the sequence Seyferts - HII nuclei - HII regions in the [SIII]/[SiII] ratio could be explained by metallicity effects, since the Galactic HII regions are as much separated from the HII nuclei as the LMC HII regions are, but the SINGS extranuclear HII regions cover the same location as the HII nuclei. A more fundamental difference may be in the fraction of PDR included within the beam, i.e. the closest regions are the best resolved and have all chances of having higher HII region/PDR ratios. The differences in size of the probed physical regions should be discussed somewhere. The first explanation proposed for Seyferts (X-ray dominated regions) is also more plausible than a systematic metallicity difference between them and HII nuclei. --These suggestions have been incorporated into the text. The excitation potential is given only for [OIV], [NeII] and [SiII]. It should be given also for [SIII] (for Figure 5). --This is found near the top of Tables 1 and 2. * 4.4.4: As written, this paragraph is a bit confusing. The main point is that HII nuclei have stronger [SIII] line to continuum ratios than Seyfert and LINER nuclei, both for the 18.7 micron transition and the 33.5 micron transition. Yet, your formulation gives the impression that the [SIII]_33.5 / [SIII]_18.7 line ratio is higher in HII nuclei, which is not true. The linear fits do not demonstrate anything and can be omitted. The information provided by the lines of constant n_e is enough. --The two fits separate along the diagonal, showing that HII regions/nuclei have higher line-to-continuum ratios. I have reworded the text to make this more clear. Can you compare the derived electronic densities with literature values for luminous starbursts/AGNs, and for nearby HII regions ? --A comparison with literature values/ranges has been added. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1) Measurements for N1377: You derive a 6.2 micron PAH EW of (0.02 +- 0.01) micron ; yet, I do not detect any PAH at 6.2 microns (but possibly one at 6.3 microns). Likewise, H_alpha and [OIII] are not detected in the spectra that John Moustakas sent me, and H_beta is seen only in absorption. I do not understand how N1377 can appear as a detection in all four lines of the [OIII]/H_beta vs. [NII]/H_alpha diagram. N1377 is a prime example of an unclassifiable galaxy (at least using the kind of diagnostics studied here), and it doesn't make sense to say that it is a LINER or Seyfert. Veilleux et al. (1995) were wise enough not to attach a label to it. --Good point. Yes, it is at 6.3 microns. Moreover, I shouldn't trust this measurement as a PAH measurement, since it's difficult to see much evidence for other PAH features. I will remove this from the table and list it as not detected. --Moustakas shows S/N greater than or equal to 3 for these four lines. I will try to track down this discrepancy between the data John sent you and the data he sent me. I tentatively have added a footnote indicating that this is likely a deeply buried source. 2) "No sources appear to be heavily buried in the optical so presumably none of the classifications are skewed by large amounts of dust". Since N1377 is part of the sample, I infer that it is not a deeply obscured source. It actually has tau_V ~ 70 or more, and absolutely nothing of the zone of activity escapes in the optical. --I have placed a footnote cautioning the reader about NGC 1377, as described above. Two other galaxies of the sample are found by JD to have high optical depth at 10 microns (tau > 2), namely N1266 and N3198. Using a plausible extinction law, these galaxies have A(V) ~ 17 and 34. Yet you quote a maximum extinction A(V) ~ 4.1 for N1266. The H_alpha/H_beta decrement is typically biased in favor of low extinction values, because it does not probe the heavily obscured regions but, if such regions exist, only foreground emission. This may be the case here. It would be particularly interesting to locate these two galaxies in the diagrams. --I compute A(V) using a screen model, whereas JD uses a "mix" model, which yields larger values. An A(V)_mix of 17 and 34 respectively correspond to A(V)_screen of ~2.8 and 3.5 I have suggested to JD that he emphasize this distinction. I understand your concern over NGC 1377. Indeed it must have a lot of extinction in the nucleus. But how do we reconcile this with Moustaka's data? I could qualify the statement to emphasize that these extinctions correspond to a 20"x20", or simply say that ancillary data for NGC 1377 indicate that it is likely very buried and thus the optical line detections are only probing the foreground emission.